Pre- or postoperative sedation, anxiolysis or amnesia (e.g., before endoscopic or surgical procedures).

Palliative treatment of stiff person syndrome.

Adjunctive treatment of spastic muscular paresis (paraplegia/tetraplegia) caused by cerebral or spinal cord conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury (long-term treatment is coupled with other rehabilitative measures).

Treatment of tetanus, together with other measures of intensive treatment.

Treatment of the symptoms of alcohol, opiate, and benzodiazepine withdrawal.

Treatment of neurovegetative symptoms associated with vertigo.

Treatment of anxiety, panic attacks, and states of agitation.

Benzodiazepines have a relatively low toxicity in overdose. Diazepam is the most commonly used benzodiazepine for 'tapering' benzodiazepine dependence due to the drug's comparatively long half-life, allowing for more efficient dose reduction. In 2020, it was approved for use in the United States as a nasal spray to interrupt seizure activity in people with epilepsy. It is also used as a premedication for inducing sedation, anxiolysis, or amnesia before certain medical procedures (e.g., endoscopy). ĭiazepam is mainly used to treat anxiety, insomnia, panic attacks and symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 1985 the patent ended, and there are now more than 500 brands available on the market. In 2019, it was the 117th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions. In the United States it was the best-selling medication between 19, selling more than 2 billion tablets in 1978 alone. It has been one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the world since its launch in 1963. ĭiazepam was patented in 1959 by Hoffmann-La Roche.

Its mechanism of action works by increasing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

It is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. After stopping, cognitive problems may persist for six months or longer. Abrupt stopping after long-term use can be potentially dangerous. Long-term use can result in tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms on dose reduction. Occasionally, excitement or agitation may occur. They include increased risk of suicide, decreased breathing, and an increased risk of seizures if used too frequently in those with epilepsy. Ĭommon side effects include sleepiness and trouble with coordination. By mouth, effects begin after 15 to 60 minutes. When given into a vein, effects begin in one to five minutes and last up to an hour. It can be taken by mouth, inserted into the rectum, injected into muscle, injected into a vein or used as a nasal spray. It may also be used to cause memory loss during certain medical procedures. It is commonly used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic.

Rectal diazepam antidote